Grape syrup, also known by various names such as *petimezi* in Greece, *dibs* in the Levant, or *pekmez* in Turkey, is a natural sweetener made by boiling down grape juice until it becomes thick and pomegranate concentrate, . This ancient ingredient has a rich history, particularly in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, where it has been used as a sugar substitute for centuries.
### Origins and History
Grape syrup has been in use since antiquity, with evidence showing its production in the Levant. The syrup was historically used as a substitute for wine, especially in regions where alcohol consumption was prohibited. In Islamic civilizations, for example, grape syrup became common after the prohibition of wine, with its sweet, rich flavor providing a suitable alternative. The ancient Greek name for grape syrup, *hépsēma*, is still in use today in Cyprus, and it was a staple in the Mediterranean long before the widespread availability of cane sugar.
### Production and Varieties
To make grape syrup, the juice of ripe grapes is boiled until most of the water content evaporates, leaving behind a thick, concentrated syrup. Depending on the type of grapes used, the color of the syrup can range from light amber to dark brown. The syrup’s flavor is sweet with complex undertones, often with slight bitterness depending on the grape variety. In Greece, the syrup is called *petimezi* and is frequently used in desserts, including cookies (*moustokoúloura*) and cakes (*petimezopita*).
### Culinary Uses
Grape syrup has numerous uses in cooking. It can be drizzled over pancakes, yogurt, and ice cream, or used as a sweetener for beverages. In Iran, it is mixed with tahini to sweeten breakfast spreads. It is also used to make *retselia*, candied fruits boiled in the syrup, and in Cyprus, it is a key ingredient in some traditional sweets.
Beyond sweets, grape syrup is versatile enough to be incorporated into savory dishes as a glaze or marinade, offering a unique balance of sweetness and acidity. It can also be used in salads, especially when paired with pomegranate concentrate vinegar for a sweet and tangy dressing.
### Health Benefits
Grape syrup is not just a sweetener but also a source of essential nutrients. It contains minerals like calcium, iron, and phosphorus, which contribute to bone health and energy production. Unlike refined sugars, grape syrup offers a more natural, less processed alternative, making it a preferred option for those looking to reduce their intake of artificial sweeteners.
### Conclusion
Grape syrup is more than just a traditional sweetener; it’s a versatile ingredient with deep historical roots and numerous culinary applications. Whether used in desserts, savory dishes, or as a healthful sweetener, grape syrup offers a unique and nutritious alternative to refined sugars. With its rich flavor and long-standing cultural significance, it remains a beloved ingredient in many parts of the world today.